Team MSES INVENTORS: Mutaz Alwakil, NARENDRAN, S_al7y, Teja Kanagala, Amro khalid, Osman Gamal

Published August 19, 2023

Future Irrigation System

This system keeps track of the moisture in the soil, temperature, humidity, light, and rain, while watering and blowing air when needed.

ExpertWork in progress7 hours419

Things used in this project

Hardware components

DHT11 Temperature & Humidity Sensor (3 pins)

Seeed Studio Arduino Uno Rev3

3V-5V 0.2A Cooling Fan for RPi with Screws

Rain Sensor Module

Moisture Sensor Module

Grove- light sensor v1.2

Micro Submersible Water Pump DC 3V-5V

Breadboard 16.5x5.5cm (830 Holes)

Espressif ESP8266 ESP-01

ESR01 USB Programmer Adapter

3.7V 3350mAh 18650 Li-Ion Battery

Jumper wires (generic)

Resistor 220 ohm

Software apps and online services

Arduino IDE

Blynk

Story

Smart irrigation is an advanced means of reducing water consumption for irrigation procedures that makes use of science and technology. This approach combines soil sensors, weather sensors, and various controllers. The controllers effectively manage the water valves, automatic irrigation is made possible by these sensors, which actively monitor the current weather conditions and the real soil moisture levels. The automated method makes sure that the precise timing, amount, and necessity of water required are evaluated using scientific principles and approach. It therefore promises to be a suitable option for water-saving management in a variety of settings, including lawns, farms, and landscapes (Renkeer_admin, 2022).

MUTAZ MOUSTAFA ALI HANAFI ALWAKIL – TP063416

The section pertaining to the smart irrigation subsystem provides an extended explanation of the subsequent research objective, which involves designing and creating a monitoring system for temperature and humidity in agricultural settings. This system is crucial for establishing an optimal environment to maintain plant health. Incorrect humidity levels or extreme temperatures can lead to conditions that are excessively damp, causing stress to plants. Stressed plants become more susceptible to issues such as pests, mold, and mildew. Maintaining a controlled environment with accurately managed temperature and humidity is essential to encourage healthy plant growth.

Maintaining suitable temperature and humidity levels contributes to increased transpiration rates, improved nutrient uptake, faster crop production, and the cultivation of more flavorful harvests. The figure illustrates the comprehensive schematic of the prototype, including its connections and components.

The circuit design for the prototype initiated with linking the DHT11 sensor to the digital pin 2 on the Arduino Uno. The DHT11 sensor has the capability to simultaneously measure the temperature and humidity of the surrounding environment, making it an ideal choice for this purpose. The Ground (GND) and 3.3V pins of the sensor were connected to the GND and 3.3V sources on the breadboard respectively.

The next component featured in the system is a 5V fan that serves the purpose of cooling the environment. The positive wire of the fan was linked to digital pin 6 of the Arduino, while the negative wire was grounded on the breadboard.

Lastly, an LCD was integrated into the system to display the temperature and humidity values. However, directly connecting the LCD to the microcontroller would consume all the available digital pins. To overcome this issue, an I2C module was introduced, which significantly reduces the pin count to just four. These four pins are SDA, SCL, VCC, and GND. The SDA and SCL pins were connected to their corresponding labels on the Arduino Uno. The VCC and GND pins were connected to the 3.3V and GND sources on the breadboard respectively.

fig1 : Schematic of Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System

AMRO KHALID ABDELRAHIM HAMZA – TP058395

This section of the report focuses on light level detection system of the smart irrigation system. The light sensors are very valuable to an irrigation system as they can greatly enhance plant health and water efficiency. Light sensors can be used to detect the sunlight reaching the plants, the sensor data collected can be used to determine the most appropriate times for irrigation. This concept uses simple science which is for instance, the plants are receiving ample sunlight and when the light levels are low, the irrigation process is paused since plants lose less water through evaporation and vice versa. Plant health can be monitored based on the light levels it receives as they directly impact the growth of the plant. Low level light can lead to reduced photosynthesis and increased stress, this data can be used by the farmers to identify which plants need more care and tend to it immediately.

The connection of the system is rather simple, the groove light sensor has three pins SIG, VCC, & GND. The SIG pin is connected to the Analog Pin A0 on the Arduino Uno microcontroller. The VCC and the GND pins are connected to the 3.3V pin and the GND pin of the Arduino Uno respectively. The LED cathode is connected to the pin 13 on the Arduino Uno via the 220 Ω resistor, additionally the anode is grounded to the GND pin of the microcontroller. Lastly, the LCD was connected to the microcontroller with the aid of an I2C module which decreases the amount of pins needed to just 4. The SDA and SCL pins on the I2C module are connected to the similar pins with the label SDA and SCL on the Arduino Uno.

fig 2: Light System Circuit Schematic

OSMAN GAMAL SALIH MOHAMED – TP057801

This section of the report highlights a pivotal element within the overall smart irrigation system. The combination of soil moisture level monitoring and a water pump system plays a central role in every agricultural operation. It facilitates autonomous plant watering and monitoring, offering significant advantages. The monitoring of soil moisture levels is particularly essential for efficient water resource utilization in both irrigated and rainfed agricultural setups. In a world where water scarcity is increasingly prominent, especially in the face of a growing and healthier population, soil moisture monitoring gains paramount importance. Such monitoring helps optimize irrigation strategies, enhance crop quality and yield, and conserve valuable resources, ultimately improving profitability. Integrating soil moisture sensors enables well-informed irrigation planning and management, providing vital insights for making informed agricultural decisions.

The schematic diagram illustrates the comprehensive setup of the system, showcasing the connections necessary for creating a closed circuit. The soil moisture sensor features two terminals: positive and negative. These terminals are linked to a sensor module that translates them into VCC, GND, SIG, and NC pins. These pins are then appropriately connected to the Arduino. Specifically, the SIG pin is linked to analog pin A2 on the Arduino Uno. The VCC and GND pins are connected to the microcontroller's 5V and ground pins respectively. Additionally, a 5V water pump, responsible for transferring water from the tank to the plants, is connected to the Arduino using its positive terminal wire. The water pump is attached to digital pin number 5 and used as an output. Lastly, a 16x2 LCD display is integrated into the system. An I2C module interfaces with the LCD to consolidate multiple pins into just four: SDA, SCL, VCC, and GND. The Arduino Uno's SDA and SCL pins are used to establish a connection with the I2C module. Subsequently, the VCC and GND pins of the I2C module are connected to the microcontroller's 3.3V and ground pins respectively.

fig3 : Schematic of Soil Moisture Level Monitoring and Water Pump System

SAIFADEEN SALIM SAIF AL-AMRI – TP059787

The raindrop sensing system serves as the final component of the smart irrigation system. Rain sensors offer a range of advantages when integrated into automated sprinkler systems. Their key benefits include long-term cost savings and water conservation. By automatically turning off the sprinkler system upon detecting rain, excessive water usage for landscape maintenance is avoided. This pragmatic approach not only results in financial savings for farmers and business owners but also mitigates the risks associated with overwatering, leading to more effective lawn care practices and healthier landscapes.

The comprehensive circuit diagram illustrates the arrangement necessary to achieve raindrop sensing functionality. The Arduino Uno functions as the control unit for this system. The raindrop sensor module, responsible for detecting raindrops, cannot be directly connected to the Arduino's digital or analog pins. Instead, it is connected through a sensor module that converts the positive and negative pins of the sensor into four distinct pins: signal, normally closed (nc), VCC, and ground. This pin arrangement facilitates seamless connection to the microcontroller. An LED, employed to indicate rain, is incorporated into the circuit. The LED's cathode is linked to pin 12 via a 220-ohm resistor, and its anode is connected to the microcontroller's ground. Lastly, the LCD display, pivotal for conveying system updates, is connected through an I2C module. This module streamlines the connection process by consolidating the numerous pins of the LCD into four simple pins, enabling straightforward linkage to the Arduino.

fig 5 ;Schematic of Raindrop Sensing Circuit

KANAGALA DHARMA TEJA SAI – TP062919

The ESP8266 Wi-Fi module used in this snippet of code is to establish a connection between an Arduino board and the Blynk platform. A smartphone app or web interface may connect with Internet of Things (IoT) devices via the Blynk service. The relevant Blynk template details, such as the template ID, name, and authentication token, are first declared in the code. The connection between the gadget and the Blynk project is made via these specifics. The code also specifies virtual pins that are utilized by the Blynk app to show and track temperature and humidity data transfer. The Arduino board and the ESP8266 module may communicate thanks to the inclusion of the ESP8266_Lib and BlynkSimpleShieldEsp8266 libraries. The ESP8266 is provided with Wi-Fi credentials (SSID and password) in order to connect to the chosen Wi-Fi network. The RX (receive) and TX (transmit) pins are identified as being used for communication in the code, which establishes a SoftwareSerial connection between the Arduino and ESP8266 module. For communication with the ESP8266, a baud rate of 115200 is required. Finally, the SoftwareSerial connection and Wi-Fi credentials are used to initialize the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. This section of code lays the groundwork for the Arduino board to communicate with the Blynk platform through Wi-Fi, enabling data transfer and IoT device control via the Blynk app.

With the help of the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, the code sets up connection between an Arduino board and the Blynk cloud platform. The debug console is first configured at a baud rate of 115200, enabling the transmission and reception of debugging messages through the serial port. The communication speed for data transmission between the Arduino and ESP8266 is established by setting the baud rate of the ESP8266 module to match the previously preset.

fig 6 : GUI on Blynk Cloud

#define MOISTUREPIN A2       // Digital pin connected to the moisture sensor
#define PUMP 5 
 //Moisture and Water level

  int moistureValue = analogRead(MOISTUREPIN);  // Read moisture sensor value

  // Check if the soil moisture is below a certain threshold
  if (moistureValue < 1) {   // Adjust the threshold value as per your requirement
    digitalWrite(PUMP, HIGH);  // Turn on the second relay (pump)
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.print("Water Pump");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1); // Set cursor to the first column (0) and second row (1)
    lcd.print("Switched On ");
    delay(2000);
  } else {
    digitalWrite(PUMP, LOW);   // Turn off the second relay (pump)
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.print("Water Pump");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1); // Set cursor to the first column (0) and second row (1)
    lcd.print("Switched Off ");
    delay(2000);
  }
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.print("Moisture: ");
  lcd.print(moistureValue);
  delay(2000);

#define DHTPIN 4             // Digital pin connected to the DHT11 sensor
#define FAN 6                // Digital pin connected to fan 
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHT11);

void setup()
{

   dht.begin();
    
  // Debug console
  Serial.begin(115200);

  pinMode(FAN, OUTPUT);             // Set FAN pin as an output
  pinMode(LEDPIN2, OUTPUT);         // Set LED2 pin as an output
  pinMode(PUMP, OUTPUT);            // Set PUMP pin as an output
  /* Start the DHT11 Sensor */
  dht.begin();
  pinMode(MOISTUREPIN, OUTPUT);     // Set the Mositurepin as an output
  pinMode(LEDPIN, OUTPUT);          // Set LED pin as an output
//DHT11 and fan 
  float temperature = dht.readTemperature();  // Get the temperature value
  float humidity = dht.readHumidity();  // Get the Humidity value

  // Check if the temperature is above a certain threshold
  if (temperature > 10) {   // Adjust the threshold value as per your requirement 
    digitalWrite(FAN, HIGH);   // Turn on the first relay (fan) (the relays work inversely i.e. Low - On) 
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.print("Fan");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1); // Set cursor to the first column (0) and second row (1)
    lcd.print("Switched On ");
    delay(2000);
  } else {
    digitalWrite(FAN, LOW);    // Turn off the first relay (fan)
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.print("Fan");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1); // Set cursor to the first column (0) and second row (1)
    lcd.print("Switched off ");
    delay(2000);
  }
  // initialize the LCD
  lcd.begin();

  // Turn on the backlight and print a message.
  lcd.backlight();
  
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.print("Temp: ");
  lcd.print(temperature);
  lcd.print(" C");
  delay(2000);

  lcd.clear();
  lcd.print("Humidity: ");
  lcd.print(humidity);
  delay(2000);

/*************************************************************
  WARNING!
    It's very tricky to get it working. Please read this article:
    http://help.blynk.cc/hardware-and-libraries/arduino/esp8266-with-at-firmware

  You’ll need:
   - Blynk IoT app (download from App Store or Google Play)
   - Arduino Uno board
   - Decide how to connect to Blynk
     (USB, Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ...)

  There is a bunch of great example sketches included to show you how to get
  started. Think of them as LEGO bricks  and combine them as you wish.
  For example, take the Ethernet Shield sketch and combine it with the
  Servo example, or choose a USB sketch and add a code from SendData
  example.
 *************************************************************/
/* Fill-in information from Blynk Device Info here */
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_ID           "TMPL6EhAtYMAx"
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_NAME         "MSES IOT"
#define BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN            "LTy3TmX6zd0qLTyEVTgPsxo-pMTl_USo"


#include "DHT.h"
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>


/* Comment this out to disable prints and save space */
#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial

#define VIRTUAL_PIN_TEMPERATURE V1
#define VIRTUAL_PIN_HUMIDITY V2


#include <ESP8266_Lib.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleShieldEsp8266.h>

// Your WiFi credentials.
// Set password to "" for open networks.
char ssid[] = "posh_life_2.4Ghz";
char pass[] = "123456789";

// Hardware Serial on Mega, Leonardo, Micro...
//#define EspSerial Serial1

// or Software Serial on Uno, Nano...
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial EspSerial(2, 3); // RX, TX

// Your ESP8266 baud rate:
#define ESP8266_BAUD 115200

ESP8266 wifi(&EspSerial);

// Set the LCD address to 0x27 for a 16 chars and 2 line display
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);


#define DHTPIN 4             // Digital pin connected to the DHT11 sensor
#define FAN 6                // Digital pin connected to fan 

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHT11);

void setup()
{

   dht.begin();
    
  // Debug console
  Serial.begin(115200);

  pinMode(FAN, OUTPUT);             // Set FAN pin as an output
  pinMode(LEDPIN2, OUTPUT);         // Set LED2 pin as an output
  pinMode(PUMP, OUTPUT);            // Set PUMP pin as an output
  /* Start the DHT11 Sensor */
  dht.begin();
  pinMode(MOISTUREPIN, OUTPUT);     // Set the Mositurepin as an output
  pinMode(LEDPIN, OUTPUT);          // Set LED pin as an output

  // initialize the LCD
  lcd.begin();

  // Turn on the backlight and print a message.
  lcd.backlight();

  // Set ESP8266 baud rate
  EspSerial.begin(ESP8266_BAUD);
  delay(10);

  //Blynk.begin(BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN, wifi, ssid, pass);
  // You can also specify server:
  Blynk.begin(BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN, wifi, ssid, pass, "blynk.cloud", 80);
  //Blynk.begin(BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN, wifi, ssid, pass, IPAddress(192,168,1,100), 8080);
}

void loop()
{
  Blynk.run();
  // You can inject your own code or combine it with other sketches.
  // Check other examples on how to communicate with Blynk. Remember
  // to avoid delay() function!

  //DHT11 and fan 
  float temperature = dht.readTemperature();  // Get the temperature value
  float humidity = dht.readHumidity();  // Get the Humidity value

  // Check if the temperature is above a certain threshold
  if (temperature > 20) {   // Adjust the threshold value as per your requirement 
    digitalWrite(FAN, HIGH);   // Turn on the first relay (fan) (the relays work inversely i.e. Low - On) 
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.print("Fan");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1); // Set cursor to the first column (0) and second row (1)
    lcd.print("Switched On ");
    delay(2000);
  } else {
    digitalWrite(FAN, LOW);    // Turn off the first relay (fan)
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.print("Fan");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1); // Set cursor to the first column (0) and second row (1)
    lcd.print("Switched off ");
    delay(2000);
  }

   //Moisture and Water level

  int moistureValue = analogRead(MOISTUREPIN);  // Read moisture sensor value

  // Check if the soil moisture is below a certain threshold
  if (moistureValue < 1) {   // Adjust the threshold value as per your requirement
    digitalWrite(PUMP, HIGH);  // Turn on the second relay (pump)
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.print("Water Pump");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1); // Set cursor to the first column (0) and second row (1)
    lcd.print("Switched On ");
    delay(2000);
  } else {
    digitalWrite(PUMP, LOW);   // Turn off the second relay (pump)
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.print("Water Pump");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1); // Set cursor to the first column (0) and second row (1)
    lcd.print("Switched Off ");
    delay(2000);
  }

  //Raindrop and LED

  int raindropValue = analogRead(RAINDROP_ANALOG);  // Read raindrop module value

  // Check if it is raining based on raindrop module reading
  if (raindropValue < 500) {   // Adjust the threshold value as per your requirement
    Serial.println("Rain detected!");  // Display a message on the serial monitor
    digitalWrite(LEDPIN2, HIGH);  // Turn on the LED
  } else {
    digitalWrite(LEDPIN2, LOW);   // Turn off the LED
    }

  //LightSensor Grove

  int lightValue = analogRead(LIGHTPIN);  // Read light sensor value

  if (lightValue < 300) {  // Adjust the threshold value as per your requirement
    digitalWrite(LEDPIN, HIGH);  // Turn on the LED
  } else {
    digitalWrite(LEDPIN, LOW);   // Turn off the LED
  }

     // Send sensor values to Blynk gauges
  Blynk.virtualWrite(VIRTUAL_PIN_TEMPERATURE, temperature);
  Blynk.virtualWrite(VIRTUAL_PIN_HUMIDITY, humidity);

  lcd.clear();
  lcd.print("Temp: ");
  lcd.print(temperature);
  lcd.print(" C");
  delay(2000);

  lcd.clear();
  lcd.print("Humidity: ");
  lcd.print(humidity);
  delay(2000);

  lcd.clear();
  lcd.print("Moisture: ");
  lcd.print(moistureValue);
  delay(2000);

  lcd.clear();
  lcd.print("Raindrop: ");
  lcd.print(raindropValue);
  delay(2000);

  lcd.clear();
  lcd.print("Light Sensor");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1); // Set cursor to the first column (0) and second row (1)
  lcd.print("Value: ");
  lcd.print(lightValue);
  delay(2000);
  
  delay(2000);
}

define LIGHTPIN A0          // Analog pin connected to the Grove light sensor
#define LEDPIN 13            // Digital pin connected to the LED
//LightSensor Grove

  int lightValue = analogRead(LIGHTPIN);  // Read light sensor value

  if (lightValue < 300) {  // Adjust the threshold value as per your requirement
    digitalWrite(LEDPIN, HIGH);  // Turn on the LED
  } else {
    digitalWrite(LEDPIN, LOW);   // Turn off the LED
  }

 lcd.clear();
  lcd.print("Light Sensor");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1); // Set cursor to the first column (0) and second row (1)
  lcd.print("Value: ");
  lcd.print(lightValue);
  delay(2000);

#define RAINDROP_ANALOG A1   // Analog pin connected to the raindrop module
#define LEDPIN2 12           // Digital pin connected to the LED
 //Raindrop and LED

  int raindropValue = analogRead(RAINDROP_ANALOG);  // Read raindrop module value

  // Check if it is raining based on raindrop module reading
  if (raindropValue < 500) {   // Adjust the threshold value as per your requirement
    Serial.println("Rain detected!");  // Display a message on the serial monitor
    digitalWrite(LEDPIN2, HIGH);  // Turn on the LED
  } else {
    digitalWrite(LEDPIN2, LOW);   // Turn off the LED
    }
    
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.print("Raindrop: ");
  lcd.print(raindropValue);
  delay(2000);

Future Irrigation System

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Software apps and online services

Story

Code

Watering System

Environmental Control System

Smart Irrigation System

Light Tracking System

Raindrop Tracking System

Credits

Mutaz Alwakil

NARENDRAN

S_al7y

Teja Kanagala

Amro khalid

Osman Gamal

Comments

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Future Irrigation System

Future Irrigation System

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Software apps and online services

Story

Code

Watering System

Environmental Control System

Smart Irrigation System

Light Tracking System

Raindrop Tracking System

Credits

Mutaz Alwakil

NARENDRAN

S_al7y

Teja Kanagala

Amro khalid

Osman Gamal

Comments

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